Established in 1950, the museum was designed by Chinese famous architect Liang Sicheng. It is located on Zhongshan Road East in Zhongshan Gate, with an area of 10,000 square meters. The main building was built after the model of palaces of the Liao Dynasty.

It has a collection of 370,000 pieces of relics and nearly 10,000 ancient books and modern works of paintings and calligraphy, in addition to relics of modern China.

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